By using our website and services, you expressly agree to the placement of our performance, functionality and advertising cookies. Learn more

Electric and hybrid vehicles are a reality, rather than a pipe dream. Every major car maker has introduced some electric vehicle, while hybrid vehicles are an increasingly common sight on our roads. These changes have forced bearing manufacturers to adapt their offerings accordingly, and indeed, to undertake considerable research into the issue. Schaeffler, for instance, has extended its range of innovative solutions for all-electric and hybrid electric vehicles. "The electrification of the drivetrain is making rapid progress," says Professor Peter Gutzmer, chief technical officer at Schaeffler. "This means that engine start-stop systems, for example, are becoming standard, recovery of braking energy is gaining popularity on the roads, and the number of hybrid models is increasing." Schaeffler has developed a series of innovations that are contributing to the further development of engine start-stop systems. These include the optimisation of components in order to accommodate the significant increase in the number of start procedures, as well as solutions for start-stop systems such as non-contact sensors, optimised bearings, specially-coated components, electro-mechanical camshaft phasing units, latching valves, and components for belt-driven starter generators and permanently-engaged starters. But Schaeffler’s work in this area is not restricted to cars. It has also developed a variety of bearings, bottom brackets and other components for the rapidly growing market of electric bicycles (e-bikes). These maintenance-free components offer longer operating life and smooth, lower friction operation, which result in high efficiency and dynamics, as well as improved rider comfort. With e-bikes, the drive only becomes active when the rider is pedalling and generating a certain level of torque. Deep groove ball bearings from Schaeffler are used in the front wheels, rear wheels and the central drive of e-bikes. The improved surface geometry of the bearing raceways and balls reduces noise generation by up to 50% compared to conventional deep groove ball bearings. These improvements, combined with improved surface quality, reduce friction by up to 35%. The lower frictional torque and reduced heat generation enable the bearings to operate at high speeds. Seals also play a key role in terms of reliability and energy efficiency, particularly in dusty or wet riding conditions. Schaeffler’s new efficient lip seal (ELS) offers an unbeatable combination of reliability and energy efficiency. At increasing bike speeds, this significantly reduces the frictional torque, and therefore the power loss of the wheel bearings. With its improved sealing, the ELS provides better protection for the bearing and smoother running. At the connecting point between the handlebar stem and the fork, angular contact ball bearings from Schaeffler are fitted as headset bearings, which ensure the required precision and safety. During riding, the forces acting on the stanchions of the suspension forks are supported and transmitted by ELGOGLIDE plain bearings from Schaeffler. In addition, drawn cup roller clutches from Schaeffler are used as one-way clutches in the drive of the electric motor. These transmit high torque forces in one direction. The bottom bracket spindle connects the pedals and sensor unit in the drive. Various designs of the bottom bracket spindle are available as options. In addition, components can also be coated with Schaeffler’s Corrotect coating, which is resistant to neutral, organic fluids such as oil, brake fluid, petrol and aqueous salt solutions. SKF also has a range of energy-efficient ball bearings that can increase mileage for electric and hybrid vehicles. Addressing the specific requirements of high power density electric motors for electric and hybrid vehicles, SKF eDrive ball bearings enable lower levels of friction and heat dissipation, supporting higher electric motor efficiency and operating speeds. This solution provided by SKF allows electric motors and e-powertrain manufacturers to improve the efficiency, power density and battery reliability of motors. Similarly, the manufacturers of electric and hybrid vehicles can offer their customers increased mileage, while battery lifetime is extended by a reduction in the number of charging cycles. For example, in a typical electric vehicle, an extra 1% of mileage can be gained by using a set of optimised SKF bearings and seals on the electric traction motor and gearbox compared to conventional alternatives. These bearings benefit from a number of innovative design features, including optimised internal geometry, ultra-low friction sealing and a patented, energy-efficient polymer cage. These features enable higher operating speeds with low self-heating and low friction torque with no variation of friction torque either during the product’s lifetime or under axial loading conditions. The bearings also use validated, long life, wide temperature grease to enable optimum performance in high-speed applications. SKF eDrive Ball Bearings can also be integrated with the SKF Rotor Positioning Sensor-Bearing Unit to enhance electric motor efficiency. The SKF Rotor Positioning Sensor-Bearing Unit has recently been enhanced for traction motors and can improve energy recovery during braking, reduce electric noise, and ultimately enable a total cost reduction. The SKF Rotor Positioning Sensor-Bearing Unit also offers high resistance to vibration, severe magnetic field disturbances, and temperatures up to 150°C. In fact, SKF is supplying customised tapered roller bearings and SKF eDrive Ball Bearings to the electric motor and gearbox of the Volkswagen e-up!, which was launched in Autumn 2013. The bearings help to reduce the friction and noise in the e-powertrain, enabling an extended driving range of the vehicle. SKF automotive president Tryggve Sthen says: "The SKF eDrive Ball Bearing is a product in our SKF BeyondZero portfolio and is one of our energy-efficient solutions for hybrid and full electric vehicles. Our partnership with Volkswagen has grown over the years and we both are taking positive steps to reduce the emission footprint of greenhouse gas globally." SKF also offers angular steering column bearings for passenger cars and light trucks. The patented solution has been designed specifically for the next generations of luxury cars and electric vehicles, in line with the automotive trend towards a more comfortable driving experience. To transfer this trend to the steering system, SKF has focused its studies on the reduction of both noise levels and vibrations transmitted from the road to the driver. The design of this new, robust, angular steering column bearing replaces the standard wavy spring with a new patented rubber solution. This change has resulted in a considerable reduction of the torque variation and contributed to the smoother steering feeling. NSK, meanwhile, has developed a silent needle roller bearing that reduces noise by a third compared to that made using conventional products. This innovation is perfect for electrical components mounted in vehicles with extremely quiet interiors while driving under the power of an electric motor, such as electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid vehicles (HEV). The ends of the needle rollers used in automotive electric components are crowned (i.e. given a curved arc) to make the bearings able to withstand a heavy load. This improved roundness of the roller compared to the conventional product means noise levels are reduced by one third of that of the conventional product, helping to create quieter, more comfortable vehicle interiors in EVs, HEVs, and luxury cars where a very quiet ride is required.

Chapter 1, Definition, Specifications and Classification of Balloon Dilatation Catheters , Applications of Balloon Dilatation Catheters , Market Segment by Regions;Chapter 2, Manufacturing Cost Structure, Raw Material and Suppliers, Manufacturing Process, Industry Chain Structure;Chapter 3, Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Balloon Dilatation Catheters , Capacity and Commercial Production Date, Manufacturing Plants Distribution, R&D Status and Technology Source, Raw Materials Sources Analysis;Chapter 4, Overall Market Analysis, Capacity Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment);Chapter 5 and 6, Regional Market Analysis that includes United States, China, Europe, Japan, Korea & Taiwan, Balloon Dilatation Catheters Segment Market Analysis (by Type);Chapter 7 and 8, The Balloon Dilatation Catheters Segment Market Analysis (by Application) Major Manufacturers Analysis of Balloon Dilatation Catheters ;Chapter 9, Market Trend Analysis, Regional Market Trend, Market Trend by Product Type Semicompliant Balloon Dilatation Catheter, Other, Market Trend by Application Interventional Cardiology, Interventional Oncology, Peripheral Intervention, Cardiovascular Surgery;Chapter 10, Regional Marketing Type Analysis, International Trade Type Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis;Chapter 11, The Consumers Analysis of Global Balloon Dilatation Catheters ;Chapter 12, Balloon Dilatation Catheters Research Findings and Conclusion, Appendix, methodology and data source;Chapter 13, 14 and 15, Balloon Dilatation Catheters sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source.

2. CANADA III-32A.Market Analysis III-32Automotive Growth Emanates Healthy Prospects for theBearings’ Market III-32Exports and Imports Statistics III-32Table 38: Canadian Bearings (Plain Shaft) Exports byCountry of Destination (2010-2011): Export Value in US$’000for US, Singapore, Austria, Russia, South Korea, India,Italy (including Vatican City State), UAE, Germany andOthers (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-32

In order to receive clearance, FDA says manufacturers will need to detail the technical specifications of their device, including its needle characteristics and biocompatibility information and will need to usability testing data, sterilization information and cleaning/disinfection details if the device is reusable.

Due to their low mass and the resulting low moment of inertia of the clamping elements, drawn cup roller clutches from Schaeffler are characterised by their high indexing frequencies. They also have a low overrunning frictional torque. As the needle rollers are individually spring retained, the shaft, needle roller and clamping surface remain in contact with each other at all times, which enables a high indexing accuracy to be achieved.

I worked at a company in the ’80s that had a product that used a 2 cylinder Briggs and Straton engine that drove a roots style blower. It worked great and had done so for years. One of our customers wanted a smaller version, so we built one with a smaller one cylinder motor and a smaller blower. It didn’t work so well. With half the power strokes on the engine and a smaller blower, a resonance occurred that would destroy every coupling that was used between the units. Some threw shrapnel violently across the lab, the ones with rubber lasted a bit longer, but eventually, the rubber got so hot that it failed. Sometimes it shot rubber balls out of the coupling shortly before total failure. The resonance was obvious, but the ME working on it and the GM of the company just kept trying new couplers. I suggested machining a flywheel to go on the blower side of the coupling to try and change the frequency that the resonance became serious at. I had two strikes against me. I was a student, and I was majoring in EE, so the ME blew me off. I still think it would have been worth a try, it would be easy and wouldn’t have left us worse off if it didn’t work. I left the company a year later, and the prototype was sitting in the corner of the lab collecting dust.

The process of bearing one’s soul to a public audience is welcomed by some, and dreaded by others. However, performer Shanelle Webster finds it central to her art.

1. THE UNITED STATES III-1A.Market Analysis III-1Overview III-1Fiscal Cliff Drama Remains Alive Despite the Legislation ofthe First Round of Fiscal Cliff Deal III-1Implications of the Still Hanging Threat of SequestrationCuts III-2Table 29: Percentage Share Breakdown of BudgetSequestration of US$1.2 Trillion to be Achieved Over the2013-2021 Period by Spending Area (includes correspondingGraph/Chart) III-3Implications of the Fiscal Cliff Issues on the BearingsMarket III-4Competition III-4Table 30: US Bearings Market by Leading Players (2012):Market Share Breakdown of Value Sales for Timken, SKF, NSKand Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-4Market Trends III-5OEMs of Roller Bearings Relocate Facilities Overseas III-5Single-Source Supply Trend III-5Anti-dumping Duties Save the Day III-5Export and Import Statistics III-6Table 31: US Bearings (Plain Shaft) Exports by Country ofDestination (2010-2011): Total Exports in US$ ’000 forCanada, Mexico, China, Singapore, UK, Australia, Brazil,Germany, Japan, India, and Others (includes correspondingGraph/Chart) III-6

The Automotive Hub Bearing Market Key player profile contains critical company information including:

I have seen a video where somebody coupled an automotive alternator to a one cylinder (B&S ?) engine. The spidercoupling crapped out in similar fashion. The guy mentioned, that he found out this things do really not like torque pulsations. He switched to a belt drive (what he wanted to avoid at the beginning. So perhaps it was not just resonance, but the pulsation altogether. Then your flywheel at the blower side could have worsened the problem and an extra flywheel at the engine side could have been a solution.

The company also offers other equipment such as cams, stitch pressers, sinker springs, needles, jacks, yarn guides, yarn cutters (scissors), brushers, carriers, yarn feeders, take down rollers, solenoids, pulse (step) motors, sensors, needle breakage switches, floppy disk drives, tensions, pulleys, belts and etc.